Social Welfare and Visual Politics
The Story of Survey Graphic
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Social Welfare and Visual Politics: The Story of Survey Graphic
Cara Finnegan, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

End Notes

Contents

Cover, Survey Graphic, December 1926.

1. Paul Kellogg, "Twenty-fifth Anniversary Issue," Survey Graphic 26 (Dec. 1937): 677.

2. Michael B. Katz, In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History of Welfare in America (rev.), (New York: Basic Books, 1996) 69.

3. Katz 78.

4. Clarke Chambers, Paul U. Kellogg and The Survey: Voices for Social Welfare and Social Justice (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1971) 8.

5. Chambers 11.

6. Chambers 29.

7. On the social gospel movement see Donald K. Gorrell, The Age of Social Responsibility: The Social Gospel in the Progressive Era, 1900-1920 (Macon, GA: Mercer U Press, 1988).

8. Sean Dennis Cashman, America in the Age of the Titans: The Progressive Era and World War I (New York: New York U Press, 1988) 46.

9. Cashman 89.

10. Chambers 212.

11. Chambers 51.

12. Chambers 51.

13. Chambers 53.

14. After the war formal educational programs in social work and professional associations popped up all over the country. Chambers notes that in 1915 there were five schools training social workers; by 1930 there were at least forty (93).

15. Chambers 84.

16. Chambers 105.

17. Paul Kellogg, "Forward." Survey Graphic 47 (29 Oct. 1921): 131.

18. Survey Graphic 47 (28 Jan. 1922).

19. Chambers 239.

20. John Dewey, John Dewey, "Authority and Freedom," Survey Graphic 25 (Nov. 1936): 605.

21. John Dewey, The Public and Its Problems (Athens, OH: Swallow Press, 1927) 169.

22. Dewey, The Public and Its Problems 179.

23. John Dewey, Liberalism and Social Action (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1935) 72.

24. Chambers 95.

25. Chambers 85.

26. Hine's "work portraits" featured intimate photographs of skilled craftsmen and laborers posing while performing their jobs.

27. This visual language, called the "Isotype," was a standardized system of symbols created by German mathematician Otto Neurath, who claimed that by using his icons experts would now be able to convert "profound research statistics . . . into ideas, ideas then designed into a picture narrative, a drama of social interpretation" ("Social Showman," Survey Graphic 25 (Nov. 1936): 618). See also Neurath, "Visual Education: A New Language," Survey Graphic 26 (Jan. 1937): 25-28.

28. Chambers 128.

29. The numbers quoted here and below are based upon my classification of Survey Graphic articles from 1933-1940 into the following categories: urban/industrial issues, rural issues, general social trends, New Deal, and miscellaneous (including health, art, literature). Each article was assigned to only one category, though there may in actuality be some overlap. These numbers are meant only to demonstrate general trends in Survey Graphic's coverage of particular kinds of issues.

30. Chambers 135.

31. Chambers 236.

32. Hartley E. Howe, "You Have Seen Their Pictures," Survey Graphic 29 (Apr. 1940): 236-238.

33. See, respectively, Lewis T. Nordyke, "Mapping Jobs for Texas Migrants," Survey Graphic 29 (Mar. 1940): 152-157; Edwin R. Embree, "Southern Farm Tenancy: The Way Out of Its Evils," Survey Graphic 25 (Mar. 1936): 149-152; 190; Paul Taylor, "From the Ground Up," Survey Graphic 25 (Sept. 1936): 526-529; 537-538.

34. "Calling America: A Special Number of the Survey Graphic on the Challenge to Democracy," Survey Graphic 28 (Feb. 1939).

35. Chambers 179.

36. "Color: The Unfinished Business of Democracy," Survey Graphic 31 (Nov. 1942); "Segregation : Color Pattern from the Past - Our Struggle to Wipe it Out," Survey Graphic 36 (Jan. 1947).

37. Chambers 205.

38. Chambers 212.

    
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